Saturday, December 28, 2019

Famous Scarface Movie Quotes

Quotes from the 1983 film Scarface are by far some of the most popular movie quotes. Devout fans of the legendary gangster film  will always rate  quotes by the infamous protagonist, Tony Montana, as the best among the movie quotes category. How many of them do you know offhand? Test your memory skills with this collection of the best of Scarface quotes. I always tell the truth. Even when I lie.Every day above ground is a good day.In this country, you gotta make the money first. Then when you get the money, you get the power. Then when you get the power, then you get the women.Tony Montana: Me, I want whats coming to me.Manny: Oh, well... whats coming to you?Tony Montana: The world, Chico, and everything in it.You wanna waste my time? Okay. I call my lawyer. Hes the best lawyer in Miami. Hes such a good lawyer, that by tomorrow morning, you gonna be working in Alaska. So dress warm.Why dont you try stickin jou head up jour ass – see if it fits.Say goodnight to the bad guy.Dat chick hes with --  she like me.I like you, Tony. Theres no lying in you.Amigo, the only thing in this world that gives orders is balls. Balls. You got that?So you wanna dance, Frank, or do you wanna sit here and have a heart attack?I got ears, ya know. I hear things.

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Effects Of Rape Culture On American Universities

In light of the recent Brock Turner case childhood friend Leslie Rasmussen released this statement, â€Å"I don’t think its fair to base the fate of the next ten-plus years of his life on the decision of a girl who doesn’t remember anything but the amount she drank† (Zielinski). This attitude is one shared by many on the subject of rape culture in American universities. This blunt and rather cold attitude prompts many observers to wonder whether a rape culture is present in America. Does our society have a lenient attitude on intoxicated sex? Does the nuanced subject of intoxicated intercourse dismiss responsibility between both parties when the consent is later questioned? There is a problem with rape culture in American universities due to white privilege, drinking culture, and a permissive attitude to intoxicated intercourse. In America it is widely believed that those with privilege can escape the justice of the law. Brock Turner is one such recent example, c onvicted of a raping an unconscious woman behind a dumpster he received only a six months sentence. According to U.S. swimming record holder Sabir Muhammad â€Å"Brock Turner was found guilty of three felonies and he got a slap on the wrist...this case speaks volumes to class in America and the inequities of the American judicial system† (Drash). It becomes apparent to those observing this case that Turner escaped justice because of his status as a Stanford athlete and being a white male. This not only ties in with rapeShow MoreRelatedRape Culture Through The Perspective Of Carry That Weight1014 Words   |  5 PagesRape Culture Through the Perspective of Carry That Weight Rape culture remains a taboo topic that needs to be further recognized in order to understand it and prevent it from continuing for the sake of future generations.ï » ¿ Unfortunately, current college students are victims of university standards that largely fail to protect them. Oftentimes, such as in the case of Emma Sulkowicz, a senior at Columbia University, cases of sexual assault are quieted in order to preserve the image of the institutionRead MoreThe Rape Of Sexual Violence1642 Words   |  7 Pagesnot a rape if it happens after drinking or taking drugs†: these quotes about rape are few to the numerous myths that circulate society today. 1 out of every 6 American women has been sexually assaulted, yet this statistic is only from victims who come forward (Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics†). The problem in America today is the â€Å"Rape Culture† in which we live. A Rape Culture is defined as a â€Å"rape prevalent society in which sexual violence is normalized and excused through pop culture and media†Read MoreIs Rape Culture A Problem?1405 Words   |  6 PagesTorrey Andrascik Professor LaPalme English Comp 101 28 September 2015 Is Rape Culture a Problem in America? Why This Systematic Tolerance Needs to End. Rape culture. This is a term that was coined in the 1970’s feminism movement that has been rehashed with 4th wave feminism amongst millennials in the 2000’s. Though the term seems to irritate many that attempt to refute that the systematic tolerance of rape in America is a non-issue that would disappear if â€Å"women just stopped getting so drunk†Read MoreRape Culture1369 Words   |  6 PagesIt is six o’clock in the evening, a special news segment on world affairs is on the television. The journalist is doing a piece on inhumane practices that occur in third world countries, one of these travesties being rape. The voices of women who have been stolen from their homes and have been taken advantage of against their own will infiltrate the air. These personal stories have an incredulously powerful impact on those listening and make one think â€Å"How could such an outrageous thing happen?†Read MoreRape and Sexual Harassment: The Intersectional Exp eriences of Racism and Sexism for Minorities1488 Words   |  6 PagesRape and sexual harassment are both two common forms of sexual violence prevalent in the United States. Although both events can happen to men, women are more prone to face these occurrences. According to the National Violence Against Women Survey, â€Å"78% of the victims of rape and sexual assault are women and 22% are men† (â€Å"Domestic Violence Statistics†). In 2011, companies experienced sexual harassment charges at 11% in relation to all charges brought forth to businesses, and 16% of these chargesRead MoreShould College Campuses Be Safe Learning Environments?1648 Words   |  7 Pagespsychological state. Unequivocally, the admission to one of the American universities is a turning point in the life of women, who are keen to improve their academic and social skills, and be an active part of the society. Picturing universities as places, where female students can peacefully experience the world, and meet new people, this picture often fades away, as soon as, these students encounter a different reality. In fact, American college campuses are no longer deemed safe havens. The seeminglyRead MoreGreek Life And Its Impacts On Women1108 Words   |  5 Pagesthemed movies, books, and television shows, it would be difficult to find a prospective college student who is not familiar with the idea of â€Å"Greek life.† For the purpose of this essay, â€Å"Greek life† refers to the system employed by many colleges and universities to establish and maintain fraternities and sororities (primarily dominated by caucasian and economically advantages students). It is important to note the existence of fraternities and organizations outside of this stereotypical â€Å"Greek† realm,Read MoreA Brief Note On The Common Violent Crime On American College Campuses Today1451 Words   |  6 PagesVictoria Harding October 12, 2014 WRT 205: Unit 2 Essay Clery Act at Work Rape is the most common violent crime on American college campuses today. (Sampson, 2003.) Statistics from the Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network show that â€Å"every two minutes in the United States, someone is raped, and the chances of being that victim are four times greater for a female college student than for any other age group† (Burnett, 2009). In September of 2013, I was drugged and sexually assaulted at a fraternityRead MoreWhat Ways Does Cultural Racism Manifest Itself?1651 Words   |  7 PagesGreek Empire etc. This form of racism manifest itself in several ways. Certain cultures self-proclaimed superior to orders and they use that self-given authority to rule over smaller, weaker cultural identity. Certain views expressed of the Muslin culture in recent years can be viewed as a similar form of cultural racism. 31-35) In what ways does institutional racism affect the status and standing of minorities in American society? Be specific. R - Institutional racism affect minorities in severalRead MoreStudents Seek Change For Title Xi1417 Words   |  6 PagesAbigail Daniels POLI 310 Policy Memorandum: Title XI September 10th, 2016 Students Seek Change for Title XI Title XI at Glance Every time an American citizen turns on the news, there is a headline involving a sexual harassment case or unfortunately, cases of rape. Most news stories are focused on a questionable school policy that fails to have reasonable judgment and punishment for students involved. Recent cases in the news, like the Brock Turner case has turned viral due to the publicity

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Othello Essay William Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

Othello Essay William Shakespeare Essay For many centuries people have found theater to be an excellent form of entertainment. The public’s appreciation for such entertainment is based upon different theatrical themes. Whether it is a lighthearted comedy, that is most certain to lift anyone’s spirits, a passionate romance, that stirs our innermost quixotic emotions, or a dire tragedy, that finds no rhyme or reason in our so-called â€Å"fair† concept of life. These types of plays appeal to the different aspects of humanity, and that is why the public has and will continue to regard theater as quality entertainment. One of the most renowned composers of such dramas was the late William Shakespeare (1564-1616). In the book Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Editor X. J. Kennedy refers to Shakespeare as â€Å"the supreme writer of English† (1009). Shakespeare possessed the rare ability to write comedies, love stories, as well as tragedies, all of which are equal in refinement. British novelists J. I. M. Stewart stated that, â€Å"Shakespeare’s instincts was to make of his plays the mirror of life, and broadly speaking, he sets about this by the methods of the naturalistic writer† (502). His work has withstood the test of time and linguistic barriers. For centuries audiences have enjoyed his work and have been able to derive from its interpretations in which they can associate. His keen ability to touch all aspects of humanity is that he has kept his works alive throughout the centuries. It is said that when Shakespeare wrote Othello, about 1604, he was at the height of his power. Othello was written in the classic tragic form: A tragedy, is as imitation of an action that is serious, complete in itself, And of a certain magnitude; in a language embellished with each kind of Artistry†¦ cast in the form of drama, not narrative, accomplishing through Incidents that arouse pity and fear purgation of these emotions (Aristotle quoted, in Kennedy ) A summary of Aristotle’s view found in Perrine’s Literature continues with, â€Å"The plot involves a change in the protagonist’s fortune, in which he usually, but not always, falls from happiness to misery† (Aristotle qtd. In Arp. ). The tragic hero in this tragedy is the character Othello, Othello is the noble stature; â€Å"All men humor his integrity, his skill in war, his ability in governing men, his self-governance, his temperate nature, a ruler of men who rules himself† (Brooke). Othello’s nobility combined with his fatal flaw of jealousy is what makes him a true Shakespearean tragic hero. A classic Shakespearean tragedy contains noble characters; the main character is held in high respect by all others, and is often viewed as being godlike. The opening scenes are designed to introduce the audience to what has been going on in the lives of the characters. Their purpose is to provide background information that the audience needs in order to understand the events that follow. The plot continues to thicken throughout the play, as one event dramatically offsets the next. A classic tragedy also contains a subplot that is usually carried out by a minor character. The subplot occurs simultaneously within the main plot, and often plays a role in the final outcome of the main plot. Next a tragedy must have an exciting force, which is the basis of all the action that will take place. In many tragedies a villain who seeks revenge for, what he believes to be, and unjust act done unto him usually causes the exciting force. The exciting force stirs the emotions of a central character; his thoughts have been negatively influenced by the exciting force, and he begins the succumb to his weaknesses. The story then begins to taper off, the falling action, into the resolution. .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 , .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .postImageUrl , .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 , .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51:hover , .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51:visited , .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51:active { border:0!important; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51:active , .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51 .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33af526bd805959da7227e6aa137ec51:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Courtroom Drama EssayNear the end of the story the audience experiences a moment of final suspense, and then finally a catastrophe. Every story has a hero of some sort. One may ask why Othello is considered to be a tragic hero. To answer that, one must first have an understanding of what characteristics must be present in order for a character to be deemed a tragic hero.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Electric Vehicles Essay Research Paper Matt Scott free essay sample

Electric Vehicles Essay, Research Paper Matt Scott College Prep Environmental demand for cleaner air has put a heavy load on the car, much improved by stringent fumes bases but still a important beginning of pollution. High cost, technological obstructions and the opposition of the populace to abandon gasolene have deterred the find of new cleansing agents alternate fuels to assist 5the environment. Electric Vehicles are the cleanest combustion of the alternate fuel vehicles now available. They are an efficient manner to use fossil fuels ( oil and natural gas ) and change over them directly into automotive power. The fossil fuels are burnt at a power works to bring forth energy to do electricity to reload batteries instead than being used in air fouling internal burning engines. ? ( Encarta ) 3? Substances that pollute the air can be controlled more easy at a power works than at the tailpipes of 1000000s of gasoline-burning cars. ? ( Encarta ) Electric autos are a simple and effectual manner to tackle bing energy because any energy beginning can be turned into electricity. Electric autos have many advantages: ? ? Less dependance on foreign oil because of a decrease of crude oil demands ? Decrease in care costs ? Dependability ? Simplicity of operation ? Improvement in air quality because of riddance of vehicle fumes emanations ? Low energy cost? ( Barbara Whitener 9 ) Despite these advantages electric autos have non been widely adapted yet because they are non able to vie with gasolene powered autos. They have many restrictions including power, acceleration, dependability and scope. All of this nevertheless is about to alter when the following line of EV? s are released. GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Daimler-Chrysler and Even the U.S. Army are in on the race because electric will be one of the taking alternate fuels in the close hereafter. Electric vehicles may hold appeared every bit early as 1830. Historians by and large recognition J.K. Starley, an English discoverer and Fred M. Kimball of Boston, Massachusetts with constructing the first practical electric auto in 1888. Woods Motor Vehicle Company located in Chicago go the first American Producer in 1896. At one clip, around 1904 one tierce of all the autos in New York City, Chicago and Boston were electrically powered. By 1912 30 thousand electric vehicles roamed the United States. These autos are get downing to come up once more in expectancy of ordinances designed to cut down air pollution emanation in some provinces. Many discoveries have been made in this field but some designs have stayed similar. An electric auto has a battery, a courser for refilling the battery? s power and a accountant, which directs the flow of electricity between the battery and the motor. Lead Acid batteries are the most normally used battery in the new fleet of EV? s arriving, but there are new types of batteries including nickel-metal hydride, zinc-chlorine and sodium-sulfur. Today? s electric autos come criterion with regenerative breakage. Regenerative breakage is where the braking system recharges the battery. The motor acts as a generator when fillet and converts the energy caused by the motion of the vehicle back into electricity and shops it in the battery. ? Converting the kinetic energy into electric energy slows the car. ? ( Encarta, 1999 ) GM has come through with a discovery design. The 2nd coevals of their EV? . It has no engine because it doesn? Ts need one. No tailpipe because it has no fumes. It has no valves, no Pistons, no timing belts or crankshaft. The EV? is a nothing emanation vehicle. Therefore it requires no emanations proving. It requires no tune-ups ; no gasolene or oil alterations either. The EV? seems infantile because it is so simplistic ; but in really it is one of the most complex pieces of machinery on the route today. The GM EV? uses a 26 valve- regulated high capacity lead-acid ( PbA ) battery. The EV? has an estimated existent universe driving scope of 55 to 95 stat mis. GM is now doing a nickel-metal hydride ( NiMH ) hitter battalion as another option. With this new option the EV? ? s estimated existent universe driving scope is increased to 75-130 stat mis on a full charge. Charging can be done in any conditions for the GM EV? uses a 220-volt courser that has to be installed in your place. Cha rging from 0 to 100 % for the lead-acid battery battalion takes up to 6 hours. The nickel-metal hydride battery battalion can take up to 8 hours to to the full reload due to it is able to hive away more energy. A common energy salvaging characteristic of electric autos is regenerative braking. GM nevertheless has developed it? s ain distinctive braking system, blended regenerative breakage. It is a combination of front hydraulic discs, rear electrically applied membranophone brakes and the electric propulsion motor. That is non all that is alone about the EV? . The EV? is one of the lone electric vehicles that have taken manner into consideration along with competency against gasoline-powered vehicles. The EV? is the most aerodynamic production vehicle on the route today. Its form when viewed from above resembles a teardrop. GM? s EV? coevals II with the lead-acid battery battalion costs $ 33,955. The same auto but installed with the optional higher public presentation nickel-metal hydride battalion is $ 43,955. They are already in production and on the market. Daimler-Chrysler has introduced their electrically powered vehicle that is likely the most typical of the new fleet of EV? s. It is called the EPIC ( electric powered interurban commuter ) EV and they have chosen to use it to the minivan platform. None of the other car manufacturers constructing EV? s chose to accommodate their minivan, which gives DC a clear selling field. The EPIC if utilizing a nickel-metal hydride hitter gets about 90 to 100 stat mi scope between charges. This is a 50 % betterment over the older lead-acid batteries. The EPIC EV is the first NiMH hitter to offer? Fast Charge Capability? . The standard 220-volt off board courser is capable of a 0 to 100 % recharge in 4 to 5 hours. The EPIC is now able to utilize a discovery 440-volt courser, which makes the recharge clip an amazing 30 proceedingss. Nissan has thrown its towel into the ring of alternate fuel vehicles every bit good. They have developed the Nissan Altra EV. It is a blend of saloon, minivan and SUV features. What sets the Altra apart from the other electric vehicles is that it uses a lithium-ion battery battalion. Altra is the lone EV utilizing that beginning at the minute. Lithium-ion battalions are high power and compact in size. Price is a prevailing ground that these batteries are non capitalized upon more. Nissan is confident the cost of the battery will worsen. They besides believe that this kind of battery is a? 3rd coevals? battery. The Nissan Altra EV? s scope is comfortably 70 to 80 stat mis on a full charge ; an experient driver is purportedly able to force 120 stat mis out of a full charge. The Nissan Altra EV is fashionable and antiphonal, ? Acceleration is at that place when needed, hills are non a job. Braking and managing are sharp and responsive. ? ( Robert Oberland 1 ) John fords part to the Electric frontier is bring forthing a merchandise similar to GM? s EV? in everyway except that the organic structure of the vehicle is Americas best selling pickup, the Ford Ranger. The estimated scope of the Ranger is 77 stat mis utilizing the lead-acid battery battalion which is comparable to GM? s version. Besides like GM Ford is offering the optional nickel-metal hydride battery battalion. In bend increasing the scope of the Ranger to about 90 stat mis with a full recharge. The Ranger EV therefore far is non developed plenty to be competitory with its gasoline-powered opposite number. The last vehicle in the race for electric power is the practical and advanced Honda EV Plus. At the minute Honda merely leases the auto. A figure of grounds caused this determination. The most of import being dependability. Electric autos are still untested ; by merely renting them the drivers are more like? guinea hogs? to Honda. The nickel-metal hydride battery battalion is Honda? s primary characteristic alternatively of a secondary option as in most auto manufacturer? s electric line. It takes the EV Plus 6 to 8 hours to to the full reload from 0 % . It? s estimated scope is about 100 stat mis. ? The company reports that the vehicles? fuel? cost could be every bit low as less than 2 cents a stat mi if recharged at away peak rates. ? ( Sirius 1 ) Hondas end in planing this auto was monetary value and dependability non manner. One EV partisan studies, ? If forced to take between Honda? s true useful toaster-on-wheels and GM? s stylishly sculpted work of electric art, I? vitamin Ds have to travel with the wassailer! The Honda EV Plus is a 4 rider vehicle, the EV? merely a two. The asset has a rear hatch and a fold down rear place. The Honda besides sits higher off the land more like a minivan, doing it easier for me to cl imb in and out of than the low slung EV? . So call me Mr. Practical but I got ta travel with the Plus for now. ? ( Bill Moore 1 ) These major auto companies are in the same race, but on different degrees. Every possible market has been exposed to a portion of an EV that entreaties to them. The EPIC with fast charge and being an economic system vehicle. The dependability of an EV Plus. Possibly the fashionable organic structure and reactivity of GM? s EV? entreaties to you. The size and technological high quality of the Nissan Altra EV. Does the Rangers advantage of being a pickup truck entirely do it for you? The EV choice is going every bit diverse as the gasolene powered market and is easy replacing it. I believe Daimler-Chryslers EPIC is at the head of the electric market. Their advanced? Fast Charge? sets them in front of the game. The minivan organic structure manner can be replaced with something comparable to GM? s EV? if desired. The scope, the dependability and the recharge clip are the primary concerns. The remainder can be adapted to the market and how it shifts. GM? s EV? will most surely be a smuggler up. I have personally had the experience of driving one of these marvelous machines. The curvey entreaty and epicurean inside accompanied by its reactivity and managing about barricade the impracticality of them out of your head. Electric is non the lone reply for the hereafter. Many other possibilities include Ethanol ( an intoxicant made from maize ) , which is besides called a bio-fuel. Bio-fuels are high octane, clean burning liquid fuels all made from renewable biomass such as trees or workss. ? Fords involvement in utilizing Ethanol as an alternate fuel beginning goes back to the yearss of Henry Ford. Ford planned to utilize ethyl alcohol as the primary fuel for his Model T. However, the less expensive gasolene emerged as the dominant fuel. ? ( Ford 4 ) Ford has now developed the Taurus into an Ethanol vehicle. IT has an 18-gallon armored combat vehicle and maintains about 22 stat mis to the gallon. Estimated scope is 250-350 stat mis. Propane more right called liquefied crude oil gas ( LPG ) is one of the universes taking alternate fuels. It emits one tierce less reactive gases than gasolene and is comparable in fuel scope every bit good as stat mis per gallon. Often Propane is less expensive than gasolene as good. The downside of this gas is that, like oil propane is in short supply domestically. Natural Gas is abundant in the United States and emits fewer pollutants than gasolene and cost 10 to 40 % less. The Crown Victoria is a popular natural gas vehicle. Estimated scope is 18 stat mis per gallon with a 9.4-gallon armored combat vehicle. But autos utilizing natural gas have bulky armored combat vehicles and comparatively short scopes between refills because the scope of an NGU depends on how much natural gas is stored in the vehicle. A frequent manner to judge the milage of a NGU is half the distance of its gasolene version. Gas-electric loanblends are a really popular and efficient pick of cars while the passage to strictly electric vehicle engineering is made and further developed. The Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight are innovators in this field they will assist to? ablactate? the consumer public off of gasolene. The Honda Insight is an extremist low emanations vehicle. It squeezes out an impressive 70 milers per gallon utilizing a gas-electric intercrossed apparatus. A gas economy characteristic that contributes to the Insights marvelous scope is the? Idle-stop characteristic. When the auto slows to a halt, and the clasp is disengaged and the transmittal is put in impersonal, the gasolene engine shuts off wholly. The auto becomes dead quiet except for the blowhole fans. When you put the auto in cogwheel and measure on the gas the engine restarts before you notice. The passage from Idle-stop to get down feels seamless. ? ( Will Ryu 3 ) The Honda Insight utilizes the popular nickel-metal hydride battery. Estimated existent universe scope is about 600 stat mis on a full armored combat vehicle. It is able to make this because, ? The penetration uses a? analogue? intercrossed propulsion system alternatively of the? series? intercrossed. The benefit of analogue is that you can take advantage of th e electric and gas motors for what they do good. With proper interaction between the two motors they can work synergistically, going greater than the amount of their parts. ? ( Will Ryu 2 ) Toyotas Prius is besides a intercrossed electric vehicle with a parallel apparatus. The most interesting fact about the Prius is non any of its characteristics, but it? s monetary value. Toyota is selling the Prius for $ 20,000 each. But interestingly adequate it costs between $ 35,000 and $ 40,000 to construct. So for each Prius Toyota produces it is losing on mean $ 16,000. Why is that? Possibly to acquire them out at that place for existent universe trial and consequences. Possibly to acquire consumers hooked on the cheaper Prius other than alternate EV? s so they will remain loyal. That is non of import to the consumer, what is comparative is that the Prius is inexpensive and efficient. It is estimated to acquire 50-66 stat mis per gallon. Its scope is predicted to be approximately 800 stat mis on a individual armored combat vehicle. Prius? most prevailing characteristic besides cost is that it reduces C dioxide emissions about 50 % . Even the ground forces realizes the demand for electric vehicles. Their grounds are different but the consequence is the same. The US ground forces has developed a loanblend every bit good. A intercrossed Hummer. The national defences? Corvette in Camouflage? . ( Bill Moore 1 ) It appears like the standard Humvee on the outside, olive viridity and black disguise. But underneath the goon is where the surprise is. This Humvee is capable of speed uping to rush up to 80 stat mis per hr ( a solid 10mph faster than the standard issue HMMWV ) . It performs 0 to 70 miles per hour in 7 seconds level. Which is literally twice every bit fast as the stock Diesel theoretical account. Both versions have the same 300-mile scope but the new stealing Humvee gets 18miles per gallon while the standard issue Humvee merely gets 9 stat mis per gallon. The Purpose of this version of the Humvee is it? s stealing manner, by tossing a switch on the console the turbo Diesel engine is shut off and the vehicle draws entirely from the battery giving it 20 stat mis in? soundless manner? . ? Silent manner? besides makes the vehicle unseeable to infrared signature because the battery does non make heat as the turbo Diesel engine does. The? Holy Grail? ( Bill Moore, Ford.com ) of new alternate fuels is by far nevertheless the Fuel Cell. William Grove, an English scientist, invented the fuel cell in 1839. Fuel cell engineering was surprisingly simple, at least in theory. ? There are several types of fuel cells, but all consist of two electrodes environing an electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and H base on ballss over the other, bring forthing electricity, H2O and heat. ? ( Economist 66 ) The lone waste merchandise of a fuel cell is simply H2O. Fuel cell engineering has been used in such undertakings as the Gemini and Apollo infinite birds. But until late the engineering has been either excessively bulky or excessively expensive for the mean household auto. GM is the first in most probably many to come to bring forth a vehicle powered by a fuel cell. This simple engineering has been a long clip coming, and in GM? s description you can see where the simple engineering of fuel cell gets complicated, ? Fuel cells generate electricity by the chemical combination of Hydrogen and Oxygen in what sums to a sort of contemporary chemistry. The H rich fuel like methyl alcohol is stripped of its H atoms by the fuel-processing unit. Then it is feed into the stack. Merely the H ions ( protons ) are able to migrate across the membrane making H2O vapour. The negatrons remain behind. In the advancement an electrical potency of about one V per cell is generated. Individual cells are so? stacked? together like a bed bar to supply higher voltages. ? ( Bill Moore 1 ) These fuel cells suffer no restrictions like a battery on scope other than the sum of H it can transport. GM? s entry in the fuel cell class is they? re new electric EV? this clip equipped with a fuel cell system. In add-on the auto has 44 nickel-metal hydride batteries. The electricity generated by the fuel cell powers the batteries by reloading them and runs the 137 horsepower initiation thrust train placed in the EV? . The recharge clip on this version of the EV? is about 2 hours since it is non entirely a fuel cell powered auto. The fuel cell EV? has besides been lengthened 19 inches to suit the fuel cell stack and 2 more riders doing it a 4 seater. The fuel cell has been equipped to deduce the H it needs from Methanol. The fuel normally used in high-octane racecars. The fuel cell EV? will acquire about 80 stat mis per gallon and has an estimated existent universe driving scope of about 300 stat mis. There are This engineering seems like scientific discipline fiction but in actuality it? s merely within our appreciation. In the twelvemonth 2000 we do non hold winging autos like some expected but in decision, we are acquiring the following best thing.